Effects of Annona glabra leaf (Annona glabra) extract addition on growth, survival rate, and antiserum activity against Edwardsiella ictalurid bacteria, inducing hepatitis and kidney disease in catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

This study evaluates how adding Annona glabra leaf extract to feed affects growth, survival and serum antibacterial activity against Edwardsiella ictaluri, the bacterium that causes bacillary necrosis in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). The experiment used a completely randomised design with three replicates and extract concentrations of 1%, 1.5% and 2% over 30 days. Growth was measured every 10 days, survival was determined at the end, and serum was sampled on days 0, 15 and 30. The extract did not reduce survival; after 30 days, weight and length gains were significantly higher than in the control, and serum antibacterial activity increased in the supplemented groups (p < 0.05). The authors suggest that the extract could be used as a feed additive for striped catfish.